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LEARNING ENGLISH2
Blow
Blow in
Visit or arrive unexpectedly; appear out of the blue; pop in or drop in all of a sudden; call in without warning; descend on.
Aparecerse, presentarse inesperadamente, inadvertidamente, imprevistamente, repentinamente.
A. My cousin blew in unexpectedly with his entire family to spend the weekend with us.
B. Susan blew in unexpectedly last night to tell me all about her new job in the bank.
C. Sara blew in into the manager’s office last night to tell him that she was leaving the company.
A. Mi primo se apareció de repente con toda su familia.
B. Susana se apareció inesperadamente para hablarme de su nuevo empleo en el banco.
C. Sara blew in into the manager’s office last night to tell him that she was leaving the company.
D. Sara fue a la oficina del jefe anoche para decirle que se marchaba de la compañía.
Blow over
Pass without creating a problem; become less intense; be forgotten.
Pasar sin consecuencia alguna; no tener consecuencias.
A. Tony, old chap, don’t speak to the press yet. Keep quiet about everything because all this negative publicity will blow over in a couple of weeks.
B. The press is having a field day with John’s latest blunder but it is in John’s interest not to say anything to anybody; the whole thing will soon blow over.
A. Mira, tu no te preocupes pues toda esta indeseada publicidad desaparecerá en un par de semanas.
B. La prensa esta haciendo su agosto con Juan deslices, no obstante es mejor que no hable con nadie hasta que el río baje a su corriente normal.
C. The whole thing was a misunderstanding and eventually blew over. We are all glad it’s in the past, and I hope that we all have learnt from the experience.
Blow up
Explode; detonate; destroy using explosives.
Explotar; detonar; detonar; volar; explosionar; reventar.
A. The hijackers threaten to blow up the aircraft if their demands were not met.
B. The terrorists tried to blow the bridge up but the army outmanoeuvred them and were caught before they perpetrated their felony.
A. Los secuestradores amenazaron en estallar la aeronave si sus demandas no eran cumplidas.
B. Los terroristas intentaron estallar el puente pero fueron aprendidos por agentes del cuerpo de seguridad del estado antes de consumar tal intención.
Blow up
Explode; blow up; set off; detonate; ignite.
Explotar; detonar; detonar; volar; explosionar; reventar
A. The bomb blew up before they could defuse it.
B. Sara, can you ask someone at the printing shop to blow up these pictures for us, please?
A. La bomba estalla antes de que los expertos de la Policía Nacional y agentes especiales dela seguridad del estado pudieran lograran asolarla.
B. Sara, ve a la imprenta y exígele a alguien ahí que incremente el tamaño de estas imágenes, por favor.
Blow up
Suddenly become very angry, annoyed; lose one’s cool, wrath, temper.
Enfadarse; acalorarse; encolerizarse; crisparse.
A. When Sally heard the news she blew up and dashed out of the room.
B. Sara blew up at me last night because I did not buy her a present.
Break
Break down
Analyse in detail; it refers to the separation of a whole into its parts for study and interpretation; decompose or separate into component parts; examine critically and minutely.
Analizar en detalle, pormenor; estudiar ; examinar; comparar; investigar; razonar; indagar; observar.
A. We need to break this problem down in order to answer the question.
B. Sara, my child, if you break those figures down, you would have an easier road to find the solution to that maths question.
Break down
Stop working properly; cause to cease from doing something; cease to function; pack up.
Averiarse; dañarse; inutilizarse; romperse; estropearse; deteriorarse.
A. A Lorry broke down in the middle of the road and it is causing great inconvenience to other road users.
B. Sally’s old banger was often breaking down so she decided not to put up with it any longer; she got up very early one morning and went to see her bank manager to ask him for a personal loan so that she could buy a new car.
Break down
It defines the mental state in which a person has feelings of gloom and inadequacy; become mentally ill; collapse (mentally); deteriorate (in health), burst into tears; yield to strong emotion.
A. She broke down after she learned that her husband had been killed in action.
B. He suffered a nervous breakdown owing to the amount of stress generated by his new job in the government.
Break in/into/on
Accustom a horse to being ridden; weaken or be weaken, as in spirit; wear or use something new until it is comfortable; enter a place unlawfully; enter a house unlawfully; interrupt a conversation.
Domar; subyugar; someter; sujetar; vencer, oprimir; doblegar; rendir; reducir ; dominar; torcer; amansar; domesticar; apaciguar; aquietar.
A. Kevin asked me to break these football boots in for him before the new season started.
B. Sally and Sara were talking about the environment, pollution and all that jazz when all of the sudden Mark broke in to give his opinion.
C. The thief broke into the house while they were on holiday.
D. The teacher broke in on the conversation and asked the students to get on with their work.
E. She broke into a song.
F. Mark broke into the conversation and told us what he thought about the scheme.
Break off
End something; terminate; cut; disconnect; dissociate; part; split.
Paralizarse; suspender; romper; separar; distanciar; pasmar.
A. The player unable to settle his differences with the manager decided to break off his contract with the team and left.
We normally break off for lunch at one o’clock.
B. Cuba broke off diplomatic relations with United States of America in 1960.
C. Maria and Deborah broke off their conversation when the saw auntie Sally coming.
Break out/out of
Appear suddenly; start unexpectedly; initiate violently; escape.
Aparecer de pronto; comenzar; emerger; surgir; manar; irrumpir, prorrumpir; escaparse.
A. Violent protests broke out in the capital of Peru, Lima, in response to the military coup.
B. Michael broke out the champagne to celebrate his victory at the Monaco Grand Prix.
C. The inmates broke out of the prison but were recaptured before they boarded a train to Paris at Waterloo station.
Break up
Disband; disperse a crowd; split; disperse scatter; break into pieces.
Sara’s school breaks up on June 28th.
The police used dogs to break the political demonstration up before it went beyond acceptable behaviour.
Paul and Lydia have a rocky relationship. They have broken up again.
When does Sara break up for Christmas?
Bring
Bring about Produce; create; generate; cause to happen.
Producir; causar; originar; traer; ocasionar.
A. Democracy brought about great changes in the lives of the people of Western Europe.
B. It is expected that a referendum would bring about a new beginning in the search for a better way of life in Venezuela.
Bring off
Rescue; succeed in achieving something difficult; succeed against all odds; bring something to a successful ending.
Rescatar; Salvar; lograr; alcanzar; obtener ; conseguir; adquirir; sacar; ganar; conquistar; triunfar.
A. The crewmembers of the sinking oil tanker were brought off (rescued?) by the coastguard patrol. Helicopters were also employed for the rescuing operation.
B. Did Lee break the bank? It is beyond reasonable explanations. It is just an insult to one’s intelligence to suggest that one dealer could bring (pull?) that off without the bank’s knowledge.
Bring on
Reason for a course of action; induce; influence; cause something.
A. Sally burst into tears when she greeted me at the station. I wondered what brought that on since she is not often affected by emotions.
B. The death of many elderly people in France was brought on by the recent wave of high temperatures in Europe.
Bring out
Publish; announce; advertise; distribute; highlight; stress; show demonstrate; reveal; expose.
Publicar; anunciar; propagar; transmitir; divulgar; distribuir; demostrar; señalar; indicar; exponer; revelar.
A. “The Sun” brought out a new phrasal verb quiz last week.
B. A new sport magazine will be brought out next week.
C. The inquiry into A level examination results may bring out extraordinary conclusions about the validity of this year’s high level results.
Bring to
Revive, restore to consciousness; mark recovery of alertness, awareness.
Revivir; recuperar el conocimiento, juicio; resucitar; reanimar.
A. Deborah fainted at the pharmacy and the pharmacist had to use smelling salts to bring her to. The substance worked almost immediately as Deborah was soon up on her feet again.
B. I am sorry Potter that I was forced to bring this matter to the Headmaster’s attention but I could not put up with your bad manners.
Bring up
Mention an issue, topic; raise a point; raise a family; vomit.
Mencionar algo, un punto, tópico, tema, asunto, materia; criar; nausear.
A. My wife was talking to a friend on the telephone the other day and in doing so she brought up that little matter of my snoring. It was really embarrassing.
B. I didn’t want to bring up the fact that I once went out with a contortionist; but my dear brother spilled the beans and before I knew it, everyone had heard what I didn’t want them to hear. It was an embarrassing moment but I was not ashamed really since I loved her. It was her decision to trade me for an acrobat that brought on the ending of our relationship; but I have moved on since and my current girlfriend is a gymnast.
C. I was brought up in Venezuela and came to the United Kingdom in 1977.
Brush
Brush off
Disregard something or someone deliberately; refuse to notice; ignore; omit; overlook; snub; slight; reject.
Ignorar; no tomar en cuenta a alguien o algo; desconocer; omitir; excluir; suprimir.
A. Robert was very upset at his ex-wife’s attitude; she brushed him off at Joshua’s birthday party.
B. Maria and Deborah brushed their dad off at the supermarket. They have not spoken to him for five years.
Burn
Burn down
Destroy by intentionally setting fire to or setting something on fire.
Destruir algo a fuego; quemar algo a propósito, adrede, intencionadamente; achicharrar algo; incinerar; incendiar.
A. Paul fell asleep and the children burned the bungalow down while playing with matches.
B. The vandals burned a building down when they set a nearby car on fire. The fire spread to the premises of a well-known high street retailer. This prompted an emergency evacuation of great magnitude.
Burn up
Intense heat; feeling hot; consume by fire; destroy by fire.
Calor; altas temperaturas; destruir a fuego; quemar.
A. Can you put on the air-conditioning? It’s burning up in the office.
B. The files were burned up in the fire. Fortunately, I had backed up all files before the fire started.
Buy
Buy out
Buy the shares of a company.
A. Chelsea Football club Ltd. was bought out by a gentleman from Russia.
B. Roman bought out Paul’s shares in the company.
Buy up Acquire by purchasing the entire supply of a particular product.
Comprar; adquirir; obtener; lograr.
A. Milkaday Ltd. bought up the entire milk mills in Devon.
B. I bought up an entire housing estate in Crystal Palace.
Call
Call for
Require as in a recipe.
Requerir; pedir; demandar; invitar; exigir.
A. This victory calls for a bottle of your best champagne, Jean Pierre.
B. I landed a new contract this afternoon; this calls for a celebration and I intend to get plastered tonight at O’Neil’s Public House in Crystal Palace so everyone is very welcome to come along.
Call off
Cancel something; reschedule an event; order to stop an invasion.
Cancelar algo; revocar; posponer; aplazar; diferir.
A. They called the concert in the park off because of the rain.
B. The game was called off this morning by the referee, Mark Sunny, owing to a waterlogged pitch.
C. The government call off the invasion of Mars owing to shortage of spacecraft.
Call on
Pay someone a visit; invite someone to speak in a meeting.
Visitar, ver a alguien; hacer una visita; saludar; entrevistarse.
A. Tony called on Tracy while he was visiting London.
B. Sally often calls on Maria when she is in Horncastle.
C. Sally Figueroa called on Tony and Gordon to give a reason for wishing to go Mars when the economy was not doing brilliantly here on Earth.
D. Glen never called on Arsene when he was in need of an intelligent advice even though he knew that Arsene would have provided one at no cost to him. Sadly, Glen was axed yesterday afternoon before he had a chance to speak to his mentor.
Call up/on
Telephone; ring up; summon for compulsory military service; summon to service in the army; conscription; call-up; enlisted; mobilization; invite; request; visit.
Telefonear a alguien; llamar; conscripción militar; reclutamiento; alistamiento; solicitar; pedir; visitar.
A. Sally called up to see if I wanted to go to Paris for the weekend.
B. I called up my boss to remind him of my going to Rome tonight but the he was not in.
C. Sara was called upon to answer a few questions about the environment.
Calm
Calm down
Make or become calm; ease up; make or become looser, less tense, or less rigid; relax.
Calmar; tranquilizar; apaciguar; aplacar; sosegar; amansar; aquietar; apagar; pacificar.
A. Calm down, old chap! You are working yourself up over nothing.
B. What are you worked up about, woman? You had better calm down or you will find me going to the pub.
C. James is heading towards a confrontation with the management if he does not control his temper. He is such a hotheaded individual. He ought to calm down a bit or he would find himself out of the job. The manager director has been informed and he has asked Sara to keep an eye on him. He would be well advised to remain calm in time of excitement; the thing is, he loses his control very easily and does not stop to think of the results of his actions.
Care
Care for
Look after someone; nurse a person or an animal; like a person or thing.
Cuidar, atender; asistir; vigilar; observar a una persona o animal.
A. She cared for her sick father until he passed away.
B. I don’t care too much for country music; I’m rather partial to jazz piano music.
C. I care about you but I will not allow you to take control of my life. I’ve finally come to my senses and I decided it would be best if we lived apart for a while; I need a bit of space. Is it too much to ask?
D. Sally does not care for coffee, coke or alcoholic drinks but she loves a nice cup of tea.
Carry
Carry away
Absence of self-control; displaying emotion.
Llevarse por; quitar; alzar; trasbordarse.
A. The excitement carried the goalscorer away. She took her jersey and shorts off and ran the whole length of the pitch in the buff; the referee had no choice but to show her a straight red card for her exuberant performance. The crowd was not very pleased with the man in black, though.
B. The manager was pleased to be 1-0 up but he was not amused by the sending off and asked his players not to get carried away since the game had not been won by any stretch of the imagination. The game was only twenty minutes old when the player was sent off.
Carry forward
Transfer to; shift; move; convey; budge; move about; get, put across.
Transferir; traer; trasplantar; reubicar; mover; llevar; pasar algo a otra parte.
A. Last year’s financial deficit has been carried forward to the present one; however, the local governing body of Croydon is working out a course of action in order to generate more funds from the recently created congestion charge scheme to cover any extra spending.
B. At the end of the year all balances are carried forward to the next financial year.
Carry off
Triumph; be victorious, successful; attain; obtain; prevail; secure; handle; manage; control; deal with; cope.
Triunfar; ganar; vencer; dominar; limpiar; conquistar; imponerse; tomar.
A. Michael Schumacker carried off the formula one trophy once again; he is a brilliant motor racing driver, I dare say.
B. Sara’s success in the cinema has brought no surprises to her father since he knew that she had an excellent talent for acting. Time and time again, she plays difficult parts and she carries them off with extreme confidence. In one word, brilliantly!
Carry on/about/with
Continue a conversation with someone; resume; proceed; go on beyond a place; roll in the hay with someone other than one’s partner; play away; sexual relationship outside marriage; cheat on one’s partner; act in a particular way; be in charge of, administer a business; hold a conversation with someone; continue in an annoying way; continue.
Continuar; seguir; tener relaciones extra conyugales con; entenderse con alguien; tener un negocio; sostener una plática con alguien.
A. I beg you pardon, sir. Please carry on I didn’t mean to interrupt you.
B. She would not stop talking about her boyfriend. She carried on about him all night.
C. Sally wants to carry on with the original plan, which is the buying of a property in Spain.
D. He suspected that his wife was carrying on with the milkman when he found a milkman’s hat and a large wooden container packed with dairy products in the kitchen.
Carry out
Accomplish, execute, complete perform something.
Realizar; ejecutar; cumplir; efectuar; cometer; perpetrar; consumar; plasmar; formalizar ; hacer; establecer; desarrollar; llevar a cabo.
A. The team carried out the manager’s instructions in every respect and in the end they came out on top; they beat the best team in the league 2-0. What a result!
B. Ken Livingstone, The London Mayor, carried out an important breakthrough in the bid to take control of the London Underground when he decided to take the Government to court.
C. The Prime Minister’s order must be carried out to the letter; therefore, one must do one’s duty.
Carry over
Transport; translate; something remaining; continue on a different day, page.
Transportar; trasladar; seguir en otra pagina; continuar haciendo algo el día próximo.
A. We will not be able to finish this job today, madam; it must be carried over into the weekend. Will this be an inconvenience for you?
B. Please, Sara, Would you write an essay on a blank page about your holiday in Ho Chi Minch City, formerly Saigon, Vietnam? Please, carry it over to a subsequent page if you must.
C. The party carried over into the earliest hours of Sunday morning. I was exhausted and remained in bed late into the afternoon.
Catch
Catch on
Realize; take in; understand; seize; become conscious; become fashionable, trendy; in style; accepted; all the rage; well liked.
Éxito; comprender; entender; percibir; deducir; razonar; concebir; idear; popular.
A. James has been on holiday in Spain with his parents for the past five weeks. Although, his command of the Spanish language was very limited when he arrived he was soon able to catch on to what the teacher was to explain. He is a very sharp little boy. Quick on the uptake, I should say.
B. Sara is the type of singer to catch on with the youth of today.
C. Margaret is slow on the uptake it took her a whole hour to catch on to what the teacher was trying to do. I caught on after a few minutes.
D. Horsemeat will never catch on in the U.K.
E. Jordan is doing very well at school. He is very quick at catching on.
Catch out
Trap someone in an error or lie; to surprise in the act; to fall in the trap; taking someone unawares; trick someone into doing something in order to achieve an objective; trap; plan for tricking a person.
Coger; sorprender a alguien; aprender; engañar a alguien; trampear; coger en la trampa.
A. I can never mislead anyone; in fact, I am pretty useless when it comes to tell a lie since I always get caught out when someone start asking questions.
B. Listen up everyone! This test is not designed to catch you out but to measured your understanding of the subject.
C. Don’t try to pull the wool over my eyes, I know what your game is and I will catch you out if you try to cheat me out my winnings.
Catch up/on/with
Reach, pass someone or something; draw level with; make up for lost time.
Alcanzar, lograr; emparejar; igualar; aparear; nivelar; asimilar; compensar.
A. She will never catch up with the rest of the class she is very much behind the others in her work.
B. The Italian 10,000m runner, Antonella Carrera, was so far behind the rest of the group that she had to make an strenuous effort to catch up with others.
C. I am watching the ITV’s 10 o’clock news since I need to catch up on world events. I haven’t watched the news for a week.
Check
Check out/of
Depart from a hotel; leave a hotel, hospital hospital; pay for grocery at the checkout in a supermarket; carry out research.
Partir de; irse de; marcharse de un hotel después de haber pagado la cuenta ; pagar la cuenta en un supermercado, restauran.
A. Sally, it is twelve o’clock; we need to check out by one o’clock. We have only an hour to pack up.
B. Aunt Deborah checked out of the hospital at eight o’clock last night. She left the place with a healthy baby boy in her arms.
C. Sally decided to check out the restaurant before deciding whether to eat there.
A. Sally, son las doce en punto del medio dia; tenemos que dejar el hotel cerca de la una. Pues mira, solo tenemos una hora para hacer la maleta.
B. La tía Débora fue dada de alta a las ocho de la tarde. Ella se marcho del hospital con un niño muy saludable entre sus manos.
Check on
Make sure that everything is fine; to check on someone or something.
Verificar; comprobar; evidenciar; constrastar; confirmar; examinar; echar un ojo a alguien o algo.
A. Sally, can you check on baby Sara before you come to bed?
B. I am checking on the electricity bill since last one they sent us did not make much sense. They were charging us well above the consumption we made for that period.
A. Sally, puedes echarle una ojeada a la nena Sara antes que te vayas a cama?
B. Estoy ojeando la tarifa de la electricidad pues la ultima que nos enviaron no hacia much sentido. Nos estaban demandando pagar mas de lo que sé habia consumido por ese periodo.
Check up on
Investigate; examine; look into; inspect; probe; scrutinize; study; consider; explore someone or something.
Investigar; examinar; comprobar; inspeccionar; escrutinizar; estudiar; explorar.
A. The English Football Association is very concerned about the forthcoming encounter between England and Turkey in Istanbul. They are considering requesting the Turkey’s authorities to allow British intelligence agents to check up on the death threads made against the English fans. Although, the F.A. has advised travelling supporters not to travel to Istanbul they know fully well that there will be a fairly big number of English supporters at the match.
B. The government is checking up on the best way to control public expenditure without increasing taxes.
A. La Asociacion de Futbol de Inglaterra esta muy preocupada en visperas del encuentro entre Inglaterra y Turquia en Istanbul. Estos estan considerando pedirle a las autoridades Turcas permitir a agentes de inteligencia Británica investigar los retos de muerte hechos contra los fanáticos Ingleses. Aunque la E.F.A ha pedido a los viajeros de no ir a Istanbul ellos saben que habra un group de fanáticos Ingleses en las terrazas durante el partido.
B. El gobierno esta estudiando la mejor manera de controlar los gastos publicos sin recurrir a la tributación.
Check over
Thinking about something carefully, very often because you want to make a decision; ponder; consider; consult; deliberate; weigh; cogitate; think before choosing; determine after consideration; think deeply about something before committing oneself to it.
Repasar; deliberar; considerar; consultar; cogitar; refleccionar; meditar.
A. Tony, would you make sure you read the weapon of mass destruction’s article in Friday’s Independent issue methodically over the weekend and refrain yourself from comment about the Government’s report until you have checked it over carefully.
B. I need to check the blueprint over this weekend before I can give you a definite answer about my supporting you in such a scheme.
Chew
Chew over
Consider carefully; give it a great deal of thought.
Considerar; pensar; razonar
A. It is unthinkable that James Fairfax would be the sort of chap to argue about moral issues. He would probably chew it over in silence and gather his own conclusions about the subject. He is a friend of mine and a wonderful human being too, I dare say.
B. I would advise you to chew your travelling plans over before you commit yourself to them. Do please consider carefully what you are going to do since it is not very safe for a girl to travel around the world by herself.
Cheer
Cheer up
Make or become happy.
A. I can’t think of anything most satisfying than Liverpool winning, both the Premiership League and the Champions League trophies in the same year. That would certainly cheer me up.
B. Cheer up David; it isn’t that bad really. I can assure you that everything will be all right in the night. Come on! Have a drink on the house.
Close
Close down
Shutdown; close a property permanently.
Serrar una propiedad permanentemente
A. P.C. For All Ltd. closed down two branches in the Crystal Palace area owing to the tough competition from similar retailers in the high street.
B. The Emperor’s Head Public House was closed down because the police found out that under-age drinking was taking place in the premises.
Close in on
A. The race for the right to be crowned king of England is gathering pace. Arsenal are closing in on Manchester United real fast; the Gunners are only two points behind the Red Devils.
B. Space travelling is coming near; it is thought that within a decade people, those who are able to part with large amount of cash, will be able to spend their holidays in space.
Close up
Prevent access to a building or premise temporarily.
A. The central line was closed temporarily as up to 20 trains were withdrawn from service today. Tens of thousands of people had to use alternative routes to get to work.
B. The London Pirates’ baseball training camp is closing up for the winter.
C. The outdoor swimming pool will close up for three months owing to maintenance and repairs.
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