Kayumba Casmiry

 

T

ariki 6 uku kwezi byatangiye guhwihwiswa yuko Perezida wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika yapfuye ariko bikomeza ari mpuha kugeza umunsi wakurikiyeho ubwo guverinoma y’icyo gihugu yatangaje ku mugaragaro yuko Perezida yaraye apfuye azize indwara y’umutima iwe Lilongwe.

Nk’uko tubikesha WIKIPEDIA, Bingu wa Mutharika yavukiye ahitwa Thyolo tariki 24/02/1934 abyiruka yitwa Brightson Webster Ryson Thom, ariko muri za 60 ahindura izina yitwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Se umubyara yitwaga Ryson Thom Mutharika, nyina akitwa Eleni Thom Mutharika. Abo babyeyi be bombi babarizwaga mu rusengero rwitwaga Church of Scotland Mission, nyuma ruza kwitwa Church of Central Africa Presbyterian. Se yabaye umwalimu imyaka 37 yose.

 

AMASHULI

Amashuli abanza, Bingu wa Mutharika yayigiye aho iwabo Thyolo, ayisumbuye ayarangiriza muri Dedza Secondary School mu 1956. Uwabaye Perezida wa Malawi icyo gihugu kikibona ubwigenge, Hastings Kamuzu Banda ( yategetse kuva mu 1961 kugeza mu 1994) yatoranyije abantu 32 bari barangije segonderi kujya mu Buhinde kwiga kaminuza mu cyiswe Indira Ghandi Scholarship for ‘fast track’ diplomas. Aho mu Buhinde Mutharika yahakuye impamyabumenyi yo mu rwego rwa kaminuza ( Bachelors degree in Economics. Nyuma aza kubona umwanya wo kwinjira muri Delhi School of Economics aho yavanye M.A degree in Economics. Nyuma Bingu wa Mutharika yaje kubona scholarship yo kujya kwiga muri Amerika muri Pacific Western University iri Los Angeles mu ntara ya Califonia aho yakuye Ph.D (dogutora) muri Development Economics.

 

AKAZI YAKOZE

Mutharika yabaye Administrative Officer muri Malawi na Zambia, aza no kuba Guverineri wungirije wa Banki nkuru ya Malawi. Muri 2002 yagizwe Minisitiri w’ Iterambere, Ubukungu n’Igenamigambi.

Nyakwigendera Bingu wa Mutharika yanakoreye Banki y’Isi, nka Loans Officer ( urwego rushinzwe gutanga inguzanyo). Yanakoze muri  UN Economic Commission for Africa nka Deregiteri ushinzwe ubucuruzi n’iterambere. Muri ibi bihugu byacu bya Afurika yo hepfo y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, Bingu wa Mutharika, yamenyekanye cyane kubera akazi yakoze nk’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa COMESA ( Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa), umuryango w’ubukungu ubumbiye hamwe ibihugu 22 n’u Rwanda rurimo.

 

POLITIKE

Mu 1992 Mutharika yafatanyije na bagenzi be muri Politike batangiza ishyaka ryitwa United Democratic Front (UDF). Mu 1999 yiyamamariza umwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika aratsindwa cyane kuko yabonye amajwi make kurusha abakandida bose bari biyamamarije uwo mwanya.

Abifashijwemo n’uwari Perezida, Bakili Muuluzi, Bingu wa Mutharika yongeye kwiyamamariza umwanya w’Umukuru w’Igihugu atsinda amatora yabaye tariki 20/05/ 2004. Yatsinze abitwa John Tembo na Gwanda Chakuamba, ahita aba Perezida wa Repubulika ya Malawi.

Tariki ya 7 Ukwakira 2006 Mutharika yavuze yuko ashaka kongera kwiyamamariza umwanya w’Umukuru w’Igihugu ariko noneho ku itike y’ishyaka DPP, muri 2008 Congere ya DPP yemeza yuko Mutharika ariwi uzahagarira iryo mu matora ku mwanya w’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Ayo matora Mutarika aza kuyatsinda n’amajwi 67.7 %, aba atangiye manda ye ya kabiri  aho apfuye hashigaje imyaka ibiri ngo irangire.

 

MANDA YA MUTHARIKA YA MBERE

Muri manda ye ya mbere nka Perezida (2004- 2008), Bingu wa Mutharika, yazamuye cyane urwego rw’ubuhunzi, umusaruro uriyongera cyane nk’uko ikibazo cy’ibiryo cyari kimaze igihe cyugarije icyo gihugu cyarangiye. Kugira ngo umusaruro w’iyongere, abantu bakabona ibibatunga n’ibyo bahunika, hari inkunga ya Perezida yatewe abahinzi bato bagera kuri 1,700,000.

Muri 2005/2006  Malawi yabonye umusaruro uva mu buhinzi uhagije igihugu, banasagura(Surplus) ibiribwa biva ku buhinzi bingana na metric tons ibihumbi 500. Mu mwaka w’ubuhinzi wa 2008/2009 umusaruro w’ibiribwa usaguka kuwo igihugu cya Malawi cyari gikeneye wanganaga na metric tons miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 300. Iyi Politike ya Perezida Mutharika mu buhinzi yabonekaga nk’iyateje imbere igihugu ariko ihenze cyane. Muri 2011 ntabwo iyo politike mu buhinzi yakomejwe.

Muri iyo manda ye ya mbere itegeko nshinga ryaravuguruwe hashyirwamo ibintu bitandukanye bigamije guteza imbere demokarasi n’imiyoborere myiza. Hashyizwemo uko uburenganzira bwa muntu bugomba kubahirizwa n’uko inzego z’ubutegetsi ( inteko, guverinoma n’ubucamanza) zigomba gutandukanywa, zigakorana zuzuzanya ariko zigenzurana kandi buri rumwe rwigenga. Hafashwe n’ingamba zo kurwanya corruption ku buryo bugaragara. Muri iyo manda kandi amatora yashimwe cyane n’indorerezi yuko yakorwaga mu mucyo.

Muri manda ya mbere nka Perezida, Bingu wa Mutharika, koko imibereho myiza y’abaturage yarazamutse ku buryo bugaragara. Muri 2009 Minisiteri ya finansi ya Malawi yagaragaje yuko abantu babagaho ku gipimo cy’ubukene (porvert lines) bavuye kuri 52 % bagera kuri 40 %.

 

IBYO YAJE KUNENGWA

Mutharika anengwa yuko muri manda ye ya kabiri yatangiye gutakaza icyerekezo ku buryo yitabye Imana abaturage batakimukunze nka mbere, abandi bagahamya yuko ahubwo yari amaze kwangwa cyane. Mutharika yari yarigijeyo Visi Perezida, Joyce Banda. Yabanje kumwirukana mu ishyaka muri 2010, aguma kuba Visi Perezida wa Repubulika ariko aria ho gusa nta nshingano afite ! Icyo bapfuye n’uko Joyce Banda yarwanyije cyane icyari icyifuzo cya Mutharika yuko manda ya kabiri irangiye yasimburwa ku butegetsi na murumuna we, Peter Mutharika.

Mutharika yagiraga inshuti nziza nka Kagame ariko akagira n’izindi zidasobanutse nka Robert Mugabe wa Zimbabwe na Omar al- Bashir wa Sudan. Bamwe mu badiplomate bari baramaze kugaragaza yuko Mutharika amaze kuba umwirasi n’umunyagitugu. Ibi byaje gutuma Mutharika yirukana ambasaderi w’ ubwongereza muri Malawi. Mutharika yanenze cyane icyemezo cya ICC cyo gushaka guta muri yombi Bashir avuga yuko icyo cyemezo gisuzuguza Afurika.

Perezida Mutharika yemeraga cyane imiyoborere ya Perezida Kagame. Ni umwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma baje I Kigali mu muhango w’irahira rya Kagame ubwo yatangiraga manda ye ya Kabiri. Kagame nawe yakoze uruzinduko rw’akazi muri Malawi hakaba hari n’umuhanda muri Lilongwe rwagati wiswe Kagame Paul.

Umwaka ushize Malawi yaranzwe n’imyigaragambyo y’urudaca bitewe n’ibura ry’ibikomoka kuri Peteroli, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa cyimwe n’ibura ry’akazi. Minisiteri y’ubuzima ihamya y’uko mu majyaruguru y’igihugu, mu mijyi ya Karonga na Mzuzu abantu 18 bishwe bitewe n’uko Polisi yakoresheje amasasu ( live ammunition) mu kugerageza guhagarika imyigaragambyo. Ibitangazamakuru muri Malawi bikavuga yuko iyicwa ry’abo bantu ntacyo ryabwiye Perezida Mutharika ngo yakomeje kwigamba yuko azakomeza guhashya abanzi be !

Bivugwa yuko Mutharika yaramaze kuba umuntu utakihanganira itangazamakuru rimunenga, ameranye nabi nabaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu cyimwe n’abacamanza. Gahangana kwe na Kaminuza y’Igihugu byavuyemo urupfu rw’umunyeshuli witwa Robert Chasowa.

 

IMIBEREHO BWITE

Mutharika yari Romana Cathoric wari warashatse umu Zimbabwekazi bitaga Ethel Zvauya Mutharika waje kwitaba Imana azize cancer mu kwa gatanu  2007, bafitanye abana bane. Mu kundi kwa gatanu 2010 Mutharika arongora Callista Chimombo wahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubukerarugendo.

Nk’uko twabikomoje haruguru Mutharika yapfuye azize indwara y’umutima tariki 6 Mata 2012 afite imyaka 78 y’amavuko. Abo mu ishyaka rye bashatse yuko yasimburwa na murumuna we, Peter Mutharika wahoze ari Umwalimu muri Washington University muri Amerika ariko hanyuma aza kugirwa Minisitiri w’ubutabera muri guverinoma ya mukuru we. Ibi ariko ntabwo byashobotse kuko itegeko muri Malawi rivuga neza yuko iyo Perezida apfuye asimnburwa na Visi Perezida. Kuba rero yaratarashobora gukura Joyce Banda kuri uwo mwanya wa Visi Perezida, uwo mutegarugori yahise asimbura Mutharika, aba abaye Umuperezida wa kabiri w’umugore utegetse igihugu cya Afurika. Uwa mbere ni President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf  wa Liberia.

Joice Banda azategeka Malai kugeza muri 2014 aho abaturage b’icyo gihugu bazongera kwitorera Perezida wa Repubulika.