Church Timeline

Origins of the Church

The date of the original building is not known but the earliest reference to the church of Nigg is in 1296 when the parson, John of Dunbretan, swore loyalty to King Edward of England.

The parish system was introduced to Scotland in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, from which time all landowners paid a tenth of their crop (known as a teind) for the upkeep of the church. The revenue from the parish of Nigg went directly to the Bishop of Ross. He would have appointed a priest to care for the parish in his place – a vicar (meaning someone who stands in for another).

The Bishop’s property at Nigg included a mansion house, orchard, garden, moothill (where courts were held), fish ponds and a granary. Behind the church in the 1790s were remains of the foundation of ‘a house above 90ft in length’, possibly the remains of the Bishop’s house. Nigg House, which is now on the site, incorporates a date stone of 1702 and the belt of trees which used to run from the church down to the shore is still known as the Bishop’s Walk.

There is at least one other remnant of the medieval church, a fourteenth century gravestone in the kirkyard.

The building

The original church ran from east to west, with the altar at the east end. At the Reformation (1560) the altar was removed and the focus of the church became the pulpit. The church was substantially rebuilt in 1626 and the north aisle was probably added then.

The church bell was cast in the Netherlands in 1624 and is inscribed with the words ‘Michael Burgerhuys, m.e.f. 1624 Soli deo Gloria’.

Standing in the church, you might like to imagine the scene on 13th April 1633 when Master William Ross was given charge of the parish in a ceremony in which he was led into the church and was presented with ‘the book of God callit the Bible . . . the key of the kirk door and earth and stone of the churchyard’ in the presence of Donald MacHomas Mor of Pitcalean, Magnus Ferne of Pitcalean, Magnus Davidson in Nig and Walter MacCulloch in Shandwick.

There were further alterations to the church in 1729. Burials inside church were stopped, a bell tower was erected and, to increase accommodation, three lofts (galleries) were built. In churches in Scotland the space within the church belonged to the landowners of the parish. It was they who built the lofts – the North Loft belonged to the lairds of Cadboll and Invercassley, and the east to Pitcalnie and Kindeace. The West Loft was built with money from the Poor Fund and the pews in it were rented out to provide a continuing income for the Fund.

It was in this church in 1739 that a religious revival began which was eventually to influence much of the north of Scotland. Under the influence of the Rev John Balfour large numbers of people met for weekly prayer meetings and a prominent part was taken by leading lay preachers known as ‘The Men’. Some of these were thought to have supernatural powers, prophesying and seeing visions. The most prominent of The Men was Donald Roy who died in 1774 at the age of 105.

Those who took part in the religious revival were particularly opposed to the fact that the power to appoint ministers lay with the landowners and not with the congregation. When Mr Balfour died, the landowners attempted to replace him with a minister who did not meet with the approval of the congregation. At his induction, which would normally have attracted a large crowd, the church was deserted and silent.

Once again, imagine the scene. Only four people, all ministers, were present. Two of them were opposed to the induction. Suddenly, the door burst open and a man named McKeddie entered, walked up to where they were sitting and told them: ‘The blood of the parish of Nigg will be required of you if you presume to settle a man to the walls of the kirk.’

Almost the whole of the parish broke away to form their own congregation, and built a church at Ankerville which was ‘exactly of the same form and dimensions as those of the parish church’.

Further alterations to the parish church were made in 1853. The North Loft was removed and the other two lofts were hidden by thin partition walls, which remain today. It is still possible for visitors to see the ‘hidden’ West Loft.

Other features of the building

The Nigg Cross Slab: Inside the church in a room at the West End is the Nigg Cross Slab – a great Pictish carving of the late eighth or early ninth century with a richly ornamented cross and scenes from the Bible and Lives of the Saints. It stood in the graveyard at Nigg for many centuries until it was blown down in a gale and broken. (A full description can be found inside the church and on the display board at the entrance to the Kirkyard.)

The Communion Tables: After the Reformation each parish church only celebrated Communion (The Lord’s Supper) once, or possibly, twice a year. People would, however, travel great distances to attend and sometimes large crowds would gather. Communicants sat down at long tables in successive groups and for each group the Communion Service was conducted, so that the actual celebration might last all day.

The Precentor’s desk (below the pulpit): the precentor led the singing of the psalms by singing each line, which was then repeated by the congregation.

Pulpit: according to one tradition the beadle (church officer) allowed an illicit still to be kept in the space under the pulpit.

The Nigg Mort Bell or Passing Bell, which was rung at funerals and which may date from before the Reformation, can be seen in Tain Museum.

The Kirkyard

One of the finest tombstones is at the west end of the kirkyard, a box tomb of Marie Urquhart and John Grant, dating from 1679. Look out for the crossed sceptre and spade – a reminder that rich and poor all come to the same end. There is also a stone carved by Hugh Miller (1802–1856), the Cromarty geologist, folklorist, journalist and churchman. This is a ‘table stone’ which can be recognised it by the scalloped edge to the table top.

Nearby is the Cholera Stone, dating from the cholera epidemic of 1832. One of the elders, on coming out of the church, saw a cloud of vapour hovering above the ground. He believed it to be a cloud of cholera, threw a blanket or cloth over it and placed this large stone on top to keep it from escaping.

Nigg was a predominantly Gaelic speaking parish until the twentieth century. At the north end of the kirkyard is a gravestone with Gaelic verses in praise of Alexander MacAdam, minister from 1788 to 1817.